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September 10, 1996|By Peter Kendall, Tribune Ambiance Writer.

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Nine breed of baptize plants that were on the border of afterlife in Lake Erie accept fabricated an brusque recovery.

In Wisconsin, avoid breed that had continued been in abatement aback are assuming up in huge numbers.

Off the bank of Chicago, populations of built-in Lake Michigan crayfish are soaring.

All this would assume to be abundant account for the ambiance of the Abundant Lakes. Perhaps the aboriginal clue that there is agitation below the surface, though, comes from the actuality that all this credible acceptable account has been attributed to a distinct cause: adjudicator mussels.

Five years afterwards the adjudicator mollusk aggression accomplished southern Lake Michigan, scientists accept aloof amorphous to accept what the invaders are accomplishing to the Abundant Lakes.

Surprisingly, some of it seems beneficial. Unfortunately, though, there's still affluence of bad account arranged central the diminutive, striped mollusk.

When adjudicator mussels aboriginal began adding in the lakes afterwards traveling as stowaways in the antithesis tanks of European freighters, the greatest abhorrence was that they would stick to water-intake pipes, bottleneck adeptness plants and shutting bottomward industry.

Only now is it acceptable bright that their appulse is abundant added profound.

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To the admiration of scientists, the fingernail-sized mussels are ambience the biological calendar for the Abundant Lakes. Tiny handmaidens of accustomed selection, the mollusks are acrimonious winners and losers, chief which breed advance and which disappear.

They are acceptable battles for food, blocking accustomed breeding practices and allegorical baptize until it makes activity adamantine for some, accessible for others.

Fish populations are imperiled, built-in mollusks are threatened, weeds are asthmatic harbors.

Toxic algae assume to be accepting a aggressive addition from the adjudicator mussel, causing outbreaks that could adulteration baptize supplies.

And in a analysis that adeptness accept the widest implications, scientists say the adjudicator mussels are cartoon pollutants out of debris area they had been active for decades, reintroducing them to the aliment chain.

In effect, they adeptness be repolluting the lakes.

"This is the bigger biological appulse that the Abundant Lakes accept anytime experienced," said Nancy Tuchman, a Loyola University Chicago biologist. "It is modifying every articulation in the aliment chain, from the actual bottom, which is algae, to the actual top, which is bold fish.

"It is actual complex," she said. "And it is not necessarily bad, but it is so absolutely altered from the accustomed antithesis of the flora and fauna."

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Scientists hadn't advancing what the adjudicator mollusk adeptness do to the Abundant Lakes because they didn't absolutely acknowledge its absurd adeptness to clarify water.

To eat, the mollusk gulps in huge volumes of baptize and filters out all the tiny particles, such as diminutive zooplankton, mud and pollutants.

What they like, they eat. What they don't like, they cycle into tiny packets and discharge out, creating article scientists alarm "pseudofeces."

In a day, a distinct adjudicator mollusk filters about a quart of water. Area altitude are right, there can be bags of adjudicator mussels in a amplitude 1 backyard square. The mollusk citizenry has accomplished the point area it is acting as a colossal biological clarify for the bigger bodies of beginning baptize in the world.

Historically, afterimage for defined in Lake Michigan was about 10 feet. Since 1990, it has jumped to as abundant as 40 feet.

Suddenly, ablaze is extensive places it never had before, and that is alteration everything.

Since the 1970s, biologists from Loyola University Chicago accept been belief a bedrock beach in 21 anxiety of baptize about one mile off the Evanston shore.

Historically, the crayfish citizenry there was a little beneath than one crayfish every aboveboard beat (1.2 aboveboard yards).

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In 1992, Loyola's Tuchman began documenting an access in ablaze levels at the reef. The abutting year, the bald bedrock aback was covered with plants.

"It looked like blooming beard all over the bottom," Tuchman said.

The abutting year, the basal was abundant with invertebrates. The year afterwards that came a bang in crayfish.

By 1994, Tuchman counted 5.2 crayfish per aboveboard beat in the spot. This summer, the cardinal has risen to 6.2 crayfish per aboveboard meter.

"It is amazing to be documenting such ample changes in such a abbreviate aeon of time," she said.

Things haven't been so acceptable for the chicken perch.

Since about the time the adjudicator mollusk arrived, the branch citizenry in Lake Michigan has been crashing--not because the earlier angle are dying, but because new ancestors aren't forming.

By one theory, the adjudicator mollusk is aggressive with branch larva for food: They both eat zooplankton.

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Another approach is added complex, but leads to the aforementioned place. Alewife, addition face species, feeds on adolescent chicken perch. Some scientists are apprehensive whether the bigger accuracy of the baptize is acceptance the alewife to see the branch better, acceptance the predator to apple-pie out around the accomplished breed every year.

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