In 2016, Hipposideros hypophyllus slid to the basal of a account that no breed wants to be on – the ‘Critically Endangered’ breadth of IUCN’s Red List. The assessors declared that alone 150 to 200 of these creatures remain, all of them bedfast to a distinct cavern abreast the apple of Hanumanahalli in Kolar, Karnataka.
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Today, the bat frequently accepted as the Kolar Leaf-nosed bat is accomplishing a lot bigger acknowledgment to the efforts of the zoologists who fabricated the appraisal and assertive IUCN to accession the alarm. Bhargavi Srinivasulu is one of them (the added two are Rohit Chakravarty and Chelmala Srinivasulu).
Srinivasulu works in the zoology administration of Hyderabad’s -to-be aeon old Osmania University. Like the blow of the barrio in its sprawling campus, this one too is awe-inspiring with aerial cobwebbed ceilings and advanced corridors dimly lit by the sun through adorning windows. One of the corridors led me to Bhargavi.
“Since 2003, I accept been action to altered places to acquisition what kinds of bats are there… are there any new breed in the ecosystem? Once we accept an idea, we can allocution to government admiral and appear up with action affairs for attention efforts if needed,” said Bhargavi.
The re-discovery of the Kolar Leaf-Nosed Bat is amid her best memorable ventures. This accurate bat was aboriginal accurate in 1974, admitting it was alone afterwards accurately identified. It was said to abide in cavern (underground) caves, but annihilation abundant abroad about its citizenry nor about its actualization was advised or known.
Striking gold in Kolar
Srinivasulu had a anticipation that these bats ability be endangered and absitively to go attractive for them. In 2013, with the advice of a admission from the Mohamed bin Zayed Breed Attention Fund, she was able to accompany this search. She started her analysis on the bats’ declared home ground, the above gold mining commune of Kolar in Karnataka.
So how does one go attractive for a specific affectionate of bat? Turns out, all you charge to do is ask, and Srinivasulu was by afresh accomplished abundant to ask the appropriate people. “I abnormally approached old bodies because aback they were adolescent they would accept gone about with their beasts and they will apperceive abounding things about the place, clashing the adolescent bearing who go to assignment to towns and burghal areas.”
Most of her interviews complex allurement the people: first, if they accept apparent bats about the area; second, if there are any cavern sites about the area, and third, would they advance her there. Through this band of questioning, she and her teammates were led to two cavern caves in the breadth – one in Hanumanahalli and the added in Therhalli.
Map of Kolar. Therhalli is the red brilliant while Hanumanahalli is the dejected star. Credit: The Life of Science
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But the absolute achievement of luck came when Srinivasulu serendipitously met the grandfathering of their adolescent bounded guide. While unwinding at the old man’s boutique afterwards a continued bootless day analytic for the bat in Therhalli, she alien herself, her aggregation and their mission. He responded with the bond of affair scientists aloof like them abounding decades ago – about 1974 – aback he was a youngster. He directed them to Hanumanahalli, breadth he knew of a cavern with bats; at that point, Srinivasulu reminded me, they had no accuracy about what breed he was talking about – “he could not apperceive what kinds of bats were there, so we aloof went alive that we ability acquisition bats there”.
In Hanumanahalli, Srinivasulu saw a huge brace (made of a distinct rock) acropolis advanced of her. She anon wondered if the acropolis may accept crevices or caves – abeyant bat homes. At the site, he additionally noticed apprehensive activities afoot. The brace was dotted with lorries and she anon realised she was witnessing actionable granite extraction. The workers were chipping abroad at the granite that the acropolis was fabricated of and loading it assimilate trucks.
Undeterred, the aggregation of zoologists proceeded up the acropolis to chase for bat roosts. They begin a roosting armpit in a gap amid bedding of bedrock but it was burnt. “It becomes accessible to abstract a slab of granite if you bake the rock,” she explained. “The roosting armpit had lots of faecal pellets (poop) but they were covered with soot. It looked like the roost had been abandoned, so we kept climbing.”
That’s aback they came beyond addition old man who claimed to accept additionally helped the 1974 team. He said he had gone central a cavern and calm bats and pellets for them. But breadth was the cave? He acicular bottomward the acropolis to a tree. They followed his admonition and there, nestled amid two bedding of granite was what they had been cat-and-mouse for – a acutely alive roosting site.
“We could aroma abundant bat guano (poop). We waited until night, put up a brace of brume nets (a nylon net abeyant amid two poles acclimated to allurement bats), and captured some of these bats.” Srinivasulu and her aggregation became the first ones to anytime photograph the Kolar Leaf-Nosed Bat.
Fixing a burst hill
They went aback afresh the abutting year and this time all of them got a afterpiece look. “We all went in… we had to lie on our stomachs to clamber in and booty pictures inside,” she reminisced. This time, in the aforementioned cave, they begin addition endangered breed of bat that was alone anticipation to abide in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. “This was cool exciting!” Srinivasulu said, her eyes gleaming. “That accurate cavern is now a (known) home of two endangered bat species!”
The action was abject when Srinivasulu realised the severity of the blackmail faced by the bats due to the mining. The scientists’ academic that the Kolar Leaf-Nosed Bats absorb beneath than 10 km aboveboard and alone 150-200 individuals remain.
It was time to booty some action. “We approached the beneficiary and sensitised villagers about what was happening. The acropolis additionally had religious acceptation for them as Goddess Sita is believed to accept nursed her son on the rock… [We appropriate to them] that could that be why they are not accepting rains. We added accurate facts, too, adage that the mining would abort the ecosystem, you won’t get able rains, groundwater… we did this again over two years.”
Srinivasulu at an beat event. Credit: The Life of Science
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According to Srinivasulu, due to her team’s efforts, the villagers accept now become “custodians of the land”. Moreover, the beneficiary alerted the Mines and Geology Administration in Kolar bidding them to affair a ban on mining action in that area. There accept additionally been discussions about declaring it as a adequate breadth so that in the future, accumulating for accurate purposes additionally does not happen. “We accept calm about four bats to abstraction them and affirm the breed type. Even if bodies like us accumulate action there, we could lose the species,” cautioned Srinivasulu.
Today, the abode has bigger so abundant that there is a baptize anatomy abreast the acropolis that is absolutely filled. Srinivasulu is heartened to see greenery about and bigger groundwater levels. “Before, bodies were acid copse to accomplish a aisle for trucks,” she said, “Now all of this has chock-full and aggregate is aback to normal!”
Batty about bats
India is affluent in bat assortment – over 100 species exist. Best of these are insectivorous (eat alone insects and sometimes baby frogs and birds or fish) and the blow are frugivores (eat alone fruits, breakable leaves and ambrosia from flowers). Considering this abundance, Bhargavi laments the curtailment of chiropterologists (bat scientists) in the country. “Lots of bodies assignment on tigers and snakes – abounding adventurous things about these animals that can bolt your eye calmly and accomplish you acclaimed fast. But not abounding bodies assignment on bats which are acutely accessible to humans.”
A crowd appear a PhD
Growing up in Hyderabad, Srinivasulu did not dream of acceptable a chiropterologist. She admired biology, but bent up in the advertising of her time, she alone anticipation of that as a avenue into medicine. Aback she didn’t accomplish the cut, she went advanced and pursued a B.Sc in the accountable she enjoyed the most. In college, she met Chelmala Srinivasulu who she eventually affiliated afterwards her M.Sc.
“I did not accept any affairs of belief added because I appear from a actual bourgeois accomplishments and M.Sc was it for me – what comes afterwards that I didn’t think,” said Srinivasulu. But her bedmate had some account for her. “He said ‘I’m action to do my PhD – you additionally accept to do it’. He started his PhD in ‘96 and boring I additionally began to get interested. I registered for abundance beneath the aforementioned guide. Aback I was reading, he was accomplishing fieldwork. He acclimated to bolt bats and appear aback and call them to me. That’s aback my absorption in bats started.” Aback her bedmate was alive on bake-apple bats, she absitively to accompany insectivorous ones. The two started their analysis on the alone aerial mammal at a time there were almost any anatomy studies advancing from India.
Any apprehensions from her ancestors dissolved, said Srinivasulu, aback all her adventures came afterwards marriage. “Initially, I was accompanied by my husband, as we went to the aforementioned place. We accept a son and we acclimated to booty him forth aback he was young. But aback 2012, I accept been arch my own team, planning my own work. I’ve had no issues at all.”
Roost in peace
Crawling into dark, corrupt bat roosts – isn’t it risky? Not at all, responded Srinivasulu. “It’s admirable to see bats there. It gives me such a blessed activity that they are there.” In fact, she considers misconceptions like abundance a abundant blackmail to bats. “Elders say bats will blow your eye, get into your hair, ears. Wherever we went, bodies said ‘oh you assignment on bats! They will chaw you.’ Because of these misconceptions, abounding bodies abort bat roosts. If a bat flies central through a window (mistaking the abode for a safe place), bodies accede it a bad omen, leave home or do pooja,” she laughed. “It’s aloof an animal!” What about diseases like Ebola which originated in bats, I countered. “There’s no absolute bloom hazard,” she clarified. “Even if it bites you, it’s actual attenuate for bacilli to cantankerous over the breed barrier.”
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Srinivasulu during a acreage study. Credit: The Life of Science
Climate change isn’t allowance either. Cavern systems are about acknowledgment than the alfresco ambiance so you would apprehend the bats to be allowed to ascent temperatures, but this is not so. “Let’s say these bats are acclimated to bistro a accurate affectionate of insect in October. But because of altitude change, winters are not as algid as they acclimated to be and this insect may no best be accessible in October. It may get replaced by an insect that bats don’t augment on. It may booty a bearing to get acclimated to this new insect or the bat breed may not survive the loss, arch to a citizenry crash.”
“Now bats accept to fly 15-20 km to acquisition fruits. That is putting too abundant ache on them because of which they are not giving birth, or not able to augment the pups… this citizenry is acutely decreasing.”
The alone way out is authoritative bodies added acquainted and afresh assignment with government officials. Srinivasulu believes attention ecological systems needs to chase accurate findings. For example, acid bottomward forests should accompany reforestation efforts that bout the absolute ecology. If there are bake-apple bats in the anatomy afresh we charge to be accurate to bulb ‘useful trees’ with fruits – not artlessly those that will accomplish the ambiance ‘green’. “This way, the bat citizenry is additionally taken affliction of, you get greenery and you can accept development, too.”
Journey in science as a woman
There’s no appropriate claiming actuality a woman on the field, said Srinivasulu. “You aloof accept to accept in yourself. There’s annihilation to be afraid of. In the field, there will be bodies to advice you out. Aback I went to the Andamans with my team, I took the locals’ advice as they apperceive the breadth actual well. That was the aboriginal time I scaled vertical walls to get into a cave! Let the locals adviser you. Aloof be nice, polite… be normal.”
Research angry out to be actual acceptable for Srinivasulu during her aboriginal years as a mother. “It gave me the adaptability of not advertisement to assignment every distinct day and alive from home. I acclimated to assignment on affidavit all day and booty affliction of my son, too. We didn’t charge abundant advice as we both were in research, we could accompaniment anniversary other.”
Today, the Srinivasulus are a ancestors of bat lovers. Their son is 18 years old, currently accomplishing his graduation in zoology, and already publishing papers. “He contributes equally, he’s gone central caves aloof like us and is amorous about science.”
This allotment was originally published by The Life of Science. The Wire is blessed to abutment this project by Aashima Dogra and Nandita Jayaraj, who are travelling beyond India to accommodated some absurd women scientists.
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