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Published on November 17th, 2013 | by Giles Parkinson

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November 17th, 2013 by Giles Parkinson

(Note: This is allotment of a alternation of interviews and belief that will run over the next few weeks attractive at Germany’s Energiewende, and the alteration of Germany’s activity filigree to one bedeviled by renewable energy).

“They told us we were crazy.”

It is a byword you generally apprehend from Dr Dieter Salomon – the Australian-born ambassador of the German burghal of Freiburg – a burghal so abundant at the beat of the blooming transformation that is currently underway in Germany that it calls itself – Blooming Burghal Freiburg. It apparently feels that it needs the added words to reinforce the point – because green, or at atomic blooming energy, is now boilerplate in Germany.

Salomon, who was built-in in Melbourne but confused aback to Germany with his ancestors at the age of 3, has been ambassador of this burghal of 220,000 bodies at the bend of the Black Forest aback 2002. And in abounding ways, the adventure of Freiburg and its attitude to renewables, energy, and sustainability, is a apple of what is now occurring in the broader economy.

It goes aback to the 1970s, aback an absurd affiliation of farmers — abounding of them wine makers, academics and acceptance — affected the accompaniment government to abolish affairs for a new nuclear ability bulb at Wyhl, aloof 25kms arctic of the city. It was a barbaric action (see a video here), culminating in a showdown that admiring a assemblage of 50,000 people. It remains, Salomon says, the alone nuclear ability bulb that has been auspiciously prevented from activity ahead, alike anticipation the country has now committed to closing all by 2022.

Dieter Salomon, the Australian-born ambassador of Freiburg

“The prime abbot of the accompaniment (of Baden-Württemberg), told us we were crazy and said that we don’t body this bulb the lights will go off,” Salomon says in his offices in the affection of the Medieval old division of the city. “That was 40 years ago, bodies still bethink that animadversion because the lights haven’t gone off.”

More than a decade later, the “crazy” allegation was levelled at the burghal again, this time by the bounded bi-weekly aback the board decided, six weeks afterwards the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, to install a abiding affairs to wean the burghal off nuclear and deposit fuels, and into renewables, activity saving, and activity efficiency.

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“They told us it was a crazy decision,” Salomon says. Admitting preventing a new ability station, the bounded annual still relied on nuclear for 90 per cent of its electricity needs. “They told us it was not possible.” Now, the bounded annual affairs about all its alfresco needs from hydro-electric sources in Austria.

The Solar Ship in Freiburg

Freiburg argues that it earns its “Green City” appellation from that antecedent spirit of affront adjoin nuclear and its consecutive focus on innovation, and sustainability.

It boasts a carbon aloof division accepted as Quartier Vauban, breadth in some sections the citizens voted adjoin the use of cars; the “Solar City” and “Sun Ship” (pictured right), a residential breadth that appearance “energy plus” housing, acceptation the houses and abutting bartering barrio aftermath added solar electricity than they absorb during the year.

There is the acclaimed “Heliotrop”, a altered annular home that rotates so that its massive solar PV adjustment and solar thermal collectors can chase the sun. (See video here).

The boondocks has added than 100 “passive houses”, has retrofitted a high-rise residential architecture to “passive house” cachet (see another video here); and new homes accept a claim that restricts the burning of heating oil to 1.5 litres per aboveboard accent per year. That compares to the boilerplate burning of 30 litres/sqm/year a decade ago. Space heating in Germany consumes alert as abundant activity as electricity.

New apartment projects are not amorphous until a tram band is built. The burghal estimates that 30 per cent of journeys are done by accessible carriage and 27 per cent by bicycle. Car movements annual for aloof 30 per cent of movements aural the city. It is architecture three new tram curve to ensure that every home is aural 500m of accessible transport.

Freiburg has additionally become a hub of addition and industry. I lunched at Solar Fabrik, the aboriginal carbon-neutral solar bore accomplishment facility. The burghal is additionally the home of abundant assay facilities, best conspicuously the Fraunhofer Convention for Sustainable Energy, which has developed from 60 bodies to added than 1,300, and is the additional better solar assay convention in the world.

“Freiburg was absolutely altered from blow of Republic,” Salomon says. “They anticipation we were the crazy guys from the Upper Rhine Valley. But now it is mainstream.” But, he concedes, “a lot of bodies accuse that we don’t do enough, that what we accept done is nothing, that we accept to do more.”

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Indeed, admitting its credentials, Freiburg now trails added cities in the deployment of renewables. It gave itself what seems to be a bashful ambition of breeding 10 per cent of its own electricity needs through renewables by 2010, but came up able-bodied short.

It has six turbines on the hills overlooking the town, and solar PV on the stadium, and around every added accessible architecture that can abutment it, as able-bodied as abounding clandestine homes. But it still alone generates 6% of its own electricity needs through these means. Admitting actuality in the sunniest arena in Germany, there is aloof not that abundant wind and sun to go ability the burghal aural the attenuated boundaries of the city, and few biomass or hydro opportunities. About 50 per cent of its activity needs (mostly heat) comes from accumulated calefaction and ability plants.

Now it has set a ambition of 100 per cent renewables for the Freiburg region, which includes the surrounding areas that accept 650,000 people. It aims to do this by 2050. It will use the accessible spaces and assets of the surrounding areas for added wind turbines and solar farms, biomass plants and run-of-river hydro. And, Salomon hopes, geothermal. (Some abate towns belittle at such targets, adage that they accept already accomplished 100 per cent renewables, or alike more, in some villages. The arena of Emmendingen, which forms allotment of Freiburg and has 25,000 people, aims to be 100 per cent renewable by 2030).

The Blooming Conundrum: Fundies vs Realos

Salomon was adopted ambassador in 2002 – the aboriginal Blooming ambassador of a ample burghal in Germany — and re-elected in 2010 (they accept eight-year terms). He’s what is knows an a “Realo”, as against to a “Fundie”, or axiological Blooming that debris the corridors of power.

It’s been a action that has raged with the Blooming Affair aback it was founded added than three decades ago. The Blooming Affair aggregate ability with the Social Democrats in Berlin a decade ago, and the aforementioned adjustment is in abode in Badem-Wurrtemburg, breadth Freiburg is located. The state’s capital, Stuttgart, additionally has a blooming mayor.

But in the federal level, the Greens accept snubbed the befalling of basic a Affiliation with Angela Merkel, admitting actuality the aboriginal affair approached. Some say it is because the Fundies aphorism afresh in Berlin, others say it is because the centre-right has baseborn its barrage by abnegation nuclear and acknowledging renewables. Still, others are balked that the Greens are not administration power, because the activity alteration would acceptable be quicker than with a centre right/centre larboard coalition.

For Salomon though, actuality Blooming and in government is “quite normal”. “When I was re-elected 3 years ago, I represented the boilerplate of Freiburg.”

He says he needs to be a “realo” in added agency than one, because his affair has aloof 13 out of 48 councillors. There are 10 parties represented to the council. “I accept to accept majority abutment in the board or I cannot govern,” he says.

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Salomon is assured that the Energiewende – the civic activity alteration that will see it appearance out nuclear altogether by 2022 and become a nation predominantly powered by renewables — will succeed. This is admitting a lot of vested interests aggravating to accomplish political basic out of ascent electricity prices.

“A lot of countries are attractive at Germany,” Salomon says. Some of them don’t appetite us to ability our targets, others are acquisitive that we do. Aback it works in Germany, a lot of added countries are activity to archetype it.

“I apperceive some countries anticipate we are crazy, including the British. But now they are architecture new nuclear ability plants with the French and the Chinese. The money they agreement for every kilowatt hour is added than we pay for solar. Now, that is absolutely crazy.”

See additionally our story Should Australian communities buy aback their grids, which traces the history of Schönau, which was the aboriginal apple to do so in Germany.

(Thanks to Craig Morris, a Freiburg based announcer who writes the Energy Alteration blog (EnergyTransition.de), for acceptance us to allotment some of his videos. Added will be featured in our added stories. They can be found here).

Check out our new 93-page EV report, based on over 2,000 surveys calm from EV drivers in 49 of 50 US states, 26 European countries, and 9 Canadian provinces.

Tags: Freiburg, Freiburg renewable energy, Freiburg solar, Freiburg solar energy, Germany, Germany Renewable Energy, Germany Solar

Giles Parkinson is the founding editor of RenewEconomy.com.au, an Australian-based website that provides account and assay on cleantech, carbon, and altitude issues. Giles is based in Sydney and is watching the (slow, but quickening) transformation of Australia's activity filigree with abundant interest.

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