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Sometimes, it seems like we accept had Android smartphones, tablets and added accessories with Google’s adaptable OS installed forever. However, it’s absolutely been beneath than 10 years aback the aboriginal official Android buzz fabricated its admission for consumers to buy in stores. Google’s accommodation to accomplish Android an accessible antecedent OS accustomed it to become awful accepted with third-party buzz makers.
Just a few years afterwards the barrage of Android 1.0, Smartphones that had the OS installed were everywhere. Now it has become the best accepted adaptable OS in the world, acquisition its abounding competitors like Symbian, BlackBerry, Palm OS, webOS, and Windows Phone. Alone Apple’s iOS belvedere charcoal as a austere adversary to Android at this point, and that bearings doesn’t attending like it will change anytime soon.
In October 2003, able-bodied afore the appellation “smartphone” was acclimated by best of the public, and several years afore Apple arise its aboriginal iPhone and its iOS operating system, the aggregation Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto, California. Its four founders were Affluent Miner, Nick Sears, Chris White and Andy Rubin. At the time of its accessible founding, Rubin was quoted as adage that Android Inc was activity to advance “smarter adaptable accessories that are added acquainted of its owner’s area and preferences.”
The Abutting Web
While that sounds like the basal description of a smartphone, Rubin arise in a 2013 accent in Tokyo that Android OS was originally meant to advance the operating systems of agenda cameras, as arise by PC World. The aggregation fabricated pitches to investors in 2004 that showed how Android, installed on a camera, would affix wirelessly to a PC. That PC would again affix to an “Android Datacenter”, area camera owners could abundance their photos online on a billow server.
Obviously, the aggregation at Android didn’t anticipate at aboriginal about creating an OS that would serve as the affection of a complete adaptable accretion arrangement on its own. But alike aback then, the bazaar for angle abandoned agenda cameras was crumbling and a few months later, Android Inc absitively to about-face apparatus arise application the OS central adaptable phones. As Rubin said in 2013, “The exact aforementioned platform, the exact aforementioned operating arrangement we congenital for cameras, that became Android for cellphones.”
In 2005, the abutting big affiliate in Android’s history was fabricated back the aboriginal aggregation was acquired by Google. Rubin and added founding associates backward on to abide to advance the OS beneath their new owners. The accommodation was fabricated to use Linux as the base for the Android OS, and that additionally meant that Android itself could be offered to third-party adaptable buzz manufacturers for free. Google and the Android aggregation acquainted the aggregation could accomplish money alms added casework that acclimated the OS, including apps.
Rubin backward at Google as arch of the Android aggregation until 2013, back Google arise he would be abrogation that division. In backward 2014, Rubin larboard Google altogether and launched a startup business incubator. Beforehand in 2017, Rubin clearly arise his acknowledgment to the smartphone industry with his company’s advertisement of the Android-based Essential Phone.
In 2007, Apple launched the aboriginal iPhone and ushered in a new era in adaptable computing. At the time, Google was still alive on Android beneath bound clandestineness but in November of that year, the aggregation boring started to acknowledge its affairs to activity Apple and added adaptable platforms. It acclimated the accumulation of what was alleged the Accessible Handset Alliance, which accommodate buzz makers like HTC and Motorola, dent manufacturers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, and carriers including T-Mobile.
Then Google Chairman and CEO Eric Schmidt was quoted as saying, “Today’s advertisement is added aggressive than any distinct ‘Google Phone’ that the columnist has been apperception about over the accomplished few weeks. Our eyes is that the able belvedere we’re actualization will adeptness bags of altered buzz models.”
Google reportedly had at atomic two alpha builds of Android arise internally afore the aggregation launched the accessible beta of adaptation 1.0 for developers on November 5th, 2007, about the aforementioned time it arise the Accessible Handset Alliance. It additionally developed its own centralized advertence handset, code-named “Sooner”, that was never arise to the public. Several years later, developer Steven Troughton-Smith got his easily on one of these aboriginal advertence phones and acquaint images and his own impressions of “Sooner”. As you can see, the all-embracing attending of this buzz was added like BlackBerry’s handsets than the iPhone, at a time back abounding bodies were agnostic of “touchscreen only” devices.
In September 2008, the actual aboriginal Android smartphone was announced, the T-Mobile G1, additionally accepted as the HTC Dream in added genitalia of the world. It went on auction in the US in October of that year. The phone, with its pop-up 3.2-inch touchscreen accumulated with a QWERTY concrete keyboard, wasn’t absolutely a architecture marvel. Indeed, the buzz got bad reviews all-embracing from technology media outlets. The accessory didn’t alike accept a accepted 3.5 mm headphone jack, which clashing today, was appealing abundant a de facto buzz affection amid Android’s competition.
However, the Android 1.0 OS central already had the trademarks of Google’s business plan for the OS. It chip a cardinal of the company’s added articles and services, including Google Maps, YouTube, and an HTML browser (pre-Chrome) that, of course, acclimated Google’s chase services. It additionally had the aboriginal adaptation of Android Market, the app abundance that Google proudly declared would accept “dozens of unique, first-of-a-kind Android applications”. All of these actualization complete appealing archaic now, but this was aloof the alpha of Android’s eventually acceleration in the adaptable accessory market.
While best Android releases accept bonbon or dessert-style cipher names, the aboriginal adaptation of the OS (1.0) that was about arise in September 2008 did not accept a cipher name at all, either internally or publicly, according to what Android engineer Jean-Baptiste Queru told Android Police in 2012. Android 1.1, arise in February 2009, didn’t accept a accessible cipher name. However, it reportedly acclimated the centralized name “Petit four” while it was in development at Google. The name refers to a dessert-style aliment from France.
It was not until the barrage of Android 1.5, aloof a few months afterwards in April 2009, that the OS adaptation got its aboriginal accessible cipher name, Cupcake. The acclaim for allotment Android versions afterwards candied bonbon and desserts has commonly gone to its activity administrator at Google, Ryan Gibson, but his specific affidavit for application such a name abide unknown. When Google arise Android 4.4 KitKat, it offered an”official” annual on their assorted cipher names for versions of the OS, saying, “Since these accessories accomplish our lives so sweet, anniversary Android adaptation is alleged afterwards a dessert.”
The now accustomed logo for the Android OS, which looks like a aggregate of a apprentice and a blooming bug, was created by Irina Blok while she was alive by Google. In a babble with The New York Times in 2013, Blok said that the alone charge that was accustomed to her architecture aggregation by Google was to accomplish the logo attending like a robot. She claims that the final architecture was aggressive in allotment by attractive at the accustomed bathroom logos apery “Men” and “Women”.
One affair that Blok and Google absitively to do was to name the Android apprentice itself as an accessible antecedent project. About every added huge aggregation would assure such a logo or amulet from actuality redesigned and acclimated by others. However, the Android apprentice has now been adapted and acclimated by bags of people, all because Google allows such changes beneath the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License.
As we said previously, the aboriginal adaptation of Android with its “tasty treat” accessible cipher name affair was Cupcake. Back Google assuredly reveals that cipher name every year, it additionally places a new bronze with that cipher name on the backyard in advanced of the company’s Visitor Center architecture in Mountain View, California.
In 2015, the Nat and Friends YouTube access arise that a baby art aggregation in New Jersey created the aboriginal Android statue, featuring the capital mascot, forth with all of the added statues that represent the assorted versions of Android from Cupcake to the accepted version, Oreo. The statues themselves are fabricated of Styrofoam, and are again sculpted, accustomed a adamantine covering of plastic, and again corrective afore they are alien 3,000 afar to California for their official unveiling.
Keith Bellvay
As we stated, the aboriginal official accessible cipher name for Android didn’t arise until adaptation 1.5 Cupcake was arise in April 2009. It added absolutely a few new actualization and improvements compared to the aboriginal two accessible versions, including things that we now booty for granted, such as the adeptness to upload videos to YouTube, a way for a phone’s awning affectation to automatically circle to the appropriate positions, and abutment for third-party keyboards.
Some of the phones that were arise with Cupcake installed out of the box included the aboriginal Samsung Galaxy phone, forth with the HTC Hero.
Google bound launched Android 1.6 Donut in September 2009, Some of the new actualization included in Donut were abutment for carriers that acclimated CDMA-based networks. This accustomed Android phones to be awash by all carriers about the world.
Other actualization included the addition of the Quick Chase Box, and quick toggling amid the Camera, Camcorder, and Gallery to accumulate the media abduction experience. Donut additionally alien the Adeptness Control accoutrement for managing Wifi, Bluetooth, GPS, etc.
One of the phones that was awash with Donut installed was the blighted Dell Streak, which had a huge (at the time) 5-inch screen, and was declared at the time on our own armpit as a “smartphone/tablet”. These days, a 5-inch affectation is advised to be boilerplate sized for a smartphone.
In October 2009, about a year afterwards the barrage of Android 1.0, Google arise adaptation 2.0 of the OS, with the official cipher name Eclair. This adaptation was the aboriginal to add Text-to-Speech support, and additionally alien alive wallpapers, assorted annual support, and Google Maps navigation, amid abounding added new actualization and improvements.
The Motorola Droid was the aboriginal buzz that included Android 2.0 out of the box. The buzz was additionally the aboriginal Android-based buzz that was awash by Verzion Wireless. While Google was safe to use Android as the name for its OS, the appellation “Droid” was trademarked at the time by Lucasfilm, due to the word’s use for the robots in the Star Wars franchise. Motorola had to get permission, and pay some money to Lucasfilm, to use Droid as the name for its phone. Motorola connected to use the Droid cast for abounding of its phones as backward as 2016.
Launched in May 2010, Android 2.2 Froyo (short for “frozen yogurt) was clearly launched. Smartphones with Froyo installed could booty advantage of several new features, including Wi-Fi adaptable hotspot functions, advance notifications via Android Billow to Accessory Messaging (C2DM) service, beam support, and more.
The aboriginal smartphone that agitated Google’s Nexus branding, the Nexus One, launched with Android 2.1 out of the box beforehand in 2010, but bound accustomed an over-the-air amend to Froyo afterwards that year. This apparent a new access for Google, with the aggregation alive afterpiece than anytime afore with accouterments architect HTC to advertise authentic Android.
Android 2.3 Gingerbread, launched in September 2010, is currently the oldest adaptation of the OS that Google still lists in its annual belvedere adaptation amend page. As of September 13 2017, Google adumbrated that alone 0.6 percent of all Android accessories are currently alive some adaptation of Gingerbread.
The OS accustomed a user interface brace beneath Gingerbread, and added abutment for application abreast acreage communication (NFC) functions for smartphones that had the appropriate hardware. The aboriginal buzz to add both Gingerbread and NFC accouterments was the Nexus S, which was co-developed by Google and Samsung. Gingerbread additionally laid the background for the selfie, by abacus in abutment for assorted cameras and video babble abutment aural Google Talk.
This adaptation of the OS is conceivably the odd brawl of the bunch. Honeycomb was arise by Google for accession alone on tablets and added adaptable accessories with above displays than accepted smartphones. It was aboriginal alien in February 2011, forth with the aboriginal Motolola Xoom tablet, and included actualization such as a redesigned UI accurately for ample screens, forth with a notification bar placed on the basal of a tablet’s affectation and more.
The abstraction is that Honeycomb would activity specific actualization that could not be handled by the abate displays activate on smartphones at the time. It was additionally a acknowledgment by Google and its third-party ally to the 2010 absolution of Apple’s iPad. Alike admitting Honeycomb was available, some tablets were still arise with the smartphone-based Android 2.x versions. In the end, Honeycomb concluded up actuality a adaptation of Android that was not absolutely needed, as Google absitively to accommodate best of its actualization in its abutting above 4.0 version, Ice Cream Sandwich.
Released in October 2011, the Ice Cream Sandwich adaptation of Android brought a cardinal of new actualization for users. It accumulated abounding of the actualization of the tablet-only Honeycomb adaptation with the smartphone aggressive Gingerbread. It additionally included a “favorites tray” on the home screen, forth with the aboriginal abutment for unlocking a buzz by application its camera to booty a annual of its owner’s face. That affectionate of biometric sign-in abutment has acquired and bigger appreciably aback then.
As of July 6, Google indicates that 0.7 percent of all Android accessories are currently alive some adaptation of Android 4.0, which is alone hardly added than Gingerbread.
Other notable changes with ICS included abutment for all on-screen buttons, bash gestures to abolish notifications and browser tabs, and the adeptness to adviser your abstracts acceptance over adaptable and WiFi.
The Jelly Bean era of Android activate in June 2012 with the absolution of Android 4.1. Google bound arise versions 4.2 and 4.3, both beneath the Jelly Bean label, in October 2012 and July 2013 respectively.
Some of the new actualization accommodate in these software updates included new notification actualization that showed added agreeable or activity buttons, forth with abounding abutment for the Android adaptation of Google’s Chrome web browser, which was included in Android 4.2. Google Now additionally fabricated an actualization as allotment of Search, and “Project Butter” was alien to acceleration up animations and advance Android’s blow responsiveness. External Displays and Miracast additionally acquired support, as did HDR photography.
If you abounding Google I/O in 2012, you acceptable got the company’s Nexus 7 book with Android 4.1 Jelly Bean pre-installed as a gift. Versions of Jelly Bean are still actual abundant alive on abounding Android phones and devices. At the moment, about 6.9 percent of all Android articles use a body with Jelly Bean.
The name of Android 4.4 is the alone adaptation of the OS that absolutely uses a ahead trademarked name for a allotment of candy. Afore it clearly was launched in September 2013, the aggregation arise hints at its Google I/O appointment that year, as able-bodied as added places, that the codename for Android 4.4 would absolutely be alleged Key Lime Pie. Indeed, best of Google’s Android aggregation anticipation that was activity to be the case as well.
As it angry out Google’s director of Android all-around partnerships, John Lagerling, anticipation that “Key Lime Pie” would not be a accustomed abundant name to use to Android 4.4 worldwide. Instead, he absitively to do article different. He contacted Nestle, the creators of the KitKat bar, and asked them if they could use the name for Android 4.4. Nestle agreed, and alike arise versions of its KitKat bar shaped like the Android apprentice amulet as allotment of a co-branding acceding with Google. It was an agreement in business that Google didn’t bake until the latest barrage of Oreo.
KitKat didn’t accept a huge cardinal of new features, but it did accept one affair that absolutely helped to aggrandize the all-embracing Android market. It was optimized to run on smartphones that had as little as 512 MB of RAM. This accustomed buzz makers to get the latest adaptation of Android and accept it installed on abundant cheaper handset.
Google’s Nexus 5 smartphone was the aboriginal with Android 4.4 pre-installed. Alike admitting KitKat launched about four years ago, there are still affluence of accessories that are still application it. Google’s accepted belvedere adaptation amend folio states appearance that 15.1 percent of all Android accessories are alive some versions of Android 4.4 KitKat.
First launched in the abatement of 2014, Android 5.0 Lollipop was a above shakeup in the all-embracing attending of the operating system. It was the aboriginal adaptation of the OS that acclimated Google’s new Material Architecture language, which fabricated advanced use of lighting and adumbration effects, amid added things, to simulate a paper-like attending for the Android user interface. The UI additionally got some added changes for Lollipop, including a revamped aeronautics bar, affluent notifications for the lockscreen and abundant more.
The consecutive Android 5.1 amend fabricated a few added beneath the awning changes. These included official abutment for dual-SIM, HD Voice calls, and Accessory Protection to accumulate thieves bound out of your buzz alike afterwards a branch reset.
Google’s Nexus 6 smartphone, forth with its Nexus 9 tablet, were the aboriginal accessories to accept Lollipop pre-installed. At the moment, Android 5.0 Lollipop is currently installed and in use by about 29 percent of all alive Android devices, according to Google’s belvedere adaptation stats. Fun fact: Google acclimated the cipher name “Lemon Meringue Pie” internally as it developed Android 5.0 afore clearing on the bonbon amusement Lollipop as the official accessible name of the OS.
Evan Rapoport
Released in the abatement of 2015, Android 6.0 Marshmallow acclimated the candied amusement advantaged by band over a blaze as its capital symbol. Internally, Google acclimated “Macadamia Nut Cookie” to call Android 6.0 afore the official Marshmallow announcement. It included actualization such a new angular scrolling app drawer, forth with Google Now on Tap, built-in abutment for fingerprint biometric unlocking of a smartphone, USB Type-C support, the addition of Android Pay, and abundant more.
The aboriginal accessories that alien with Marshmallow pre-installed were Google’s Nexus 6P and Nexus 5X smartphones, forth with its Pixel C tablet. The accepted stats on Android belvedere use shows that Marshmallow has aloof hardly overtaken Lollipop as the best installed OS version, accounting for 32.2 percent of all Android-based devices.
Version 7.0 of Google’s adaptable operating arrangement launched in the abatement of 2016. Afore Nougat was arise “Android N” was referred to internally by Google as “New York Cheesecake”. Aloof some of Nougat’s abounding new actualization included bigger multi-tasking functions for the growing cardinal of smartphones that accept bigger displays, such as split-screen mode, forth with quick switching amid apps.
Google fabricated a cardinal of big changes abaft the scenes too, like switching to a new JIT compiler to acceleration up apps, accurate the Vulkan API for faster 3D rendering, and enabled OEMs to abutment its DayDream Virtual Reality platform.
Google additionally acclimated the absolution to accomplish a adventurous advance into the exceptional smartphone market. The company’s own branded smartphones, the Pixel and Pixel XL, forth with the LG V20, were the aboriginal to be arise with Nougat pre-installed. In aboriginal July, Google’s Android belvedere stats folio showed that Nougat is now installed on 15.8 percent of all Android-based devices. That cardinal will acceptable abide to ascend over the advancing months, alike as Google prepares to barrage its abutting above OS update, Android O.
In March 2017, Google clearly arise and arise the aboriginal developer examination for Android O, additionally accepted as Android 8.0. Even afore that release, Hiroshi Lockheimer, the chief carnality admiral of Android at Google, acquaint a GIF of an Oreo block on his Twitter annual in February 2017. That was the aboriginal solid adumbration that Oreo, the accepted cookie fabricated of two amber wafers with a creme bushing in between, would absolutely be the official cipher name for Android 8.0.
In August, Google accepted that Oreo would absolutely be the accessible name for Android 8.0. It is the additional time that Google chose a trademarked name for Android (Oreo is endemic by Nabisco). In a breach from its tradition, Google showed off the Android Oreo amulet bronze for the aboriginal time in a columnist accident in New York City, rather than assuming the bronze aboriginal at its Googleplex headquarters. The bronze additionally depicts the Android amulet itself as a aerial superhero, complete with a cape. A additional bronze was put in abode at Google’s capital address afterwards that day
As far as its features, Android Oreo packs in lots of beheld changes to the Settings menu, forth with built-in abutment for picture-in-picture mode, notification channels, new autofill APIs for bigger administration of passwords and ample data, and abundant more. Android Oreo is accessible today as a download via Google’s Android Accessible Antecedent Project, and is additionally accessible as an over-the-air amend for Google’s earlier (and supported) Nexus and Pixel devices. Android Oreo will absolutely additionally appear installed out of the box with Google’s own Pixel 2 models, which are accepted to be arise in October.
Android has appear a continued way from its apprehensive beginnings, as the artefact of a baby alpha up, all the way to acceptable the arch adaptable operating arrangement worldwide. There are hints that Google is in the actual aboriginal stages of developing an all-new OS, alleged Fuchsia, that may abutment aggregate from smartphones to tablets, and alike to anthology and desktop PCs. However, the aggregation has said about annihilation about its affairs for Fuchsia, and it’s added than accessible that it may abolish its development.
This aloof shows that Google is still acutely committed to furthering the development of Android, and has alike approved to extend the adaptable and book OS to added devices, including Android TV, Android Auto and Android Wear. Depending on which analysis close you believe, Android’s common smartphone bazaar allotment is currently amid 85 and 86 percent, with iOS a abroad additional at amid 14 and 15 percent. All added adaptable operating systems (Windows Phone/Windows 10 Mobile, BlackBerry, Tizen, and the rest) now accept beneath that 0.1 percent of the buzz market. In May 2017, during Google I/O, the aggregation said there are now over 2 billion alive accessories alive some adaptation of the Android OS.
One claiming for Android accessory owners that has been an affair for the OS anytime aback it launched is afterlight it with the latest aegis patches, to say annihilation of over-the-air rollouts for above affection updates for the OS. Google’s accurate Nexus and Pixel accessories consistently accept approved annual aegis updates, and the latest adaptation of the OS. Third affair phones are a lot added hit and absence with new aegis patches and generally bound bead off seeing new OS updates. A few phones, abnormally apart ones that are in the account category, may not accept any updates at all. Google’s addition of Activity Treble in Android Oreo should accomplish it easier for buzz makers to amend their accessories faster, but it charcoal to be apparent if those efforts will be able in the continued run.
Unless Apple decides to alpha affairs new iPhones that are abundant cheaper than its accepted models, it would assume reasonable to adumbrate that Android will abide to boss the adaptable OS market, alike with its problems accouterment abrupt updates. The OS is actuality installed on phones that are awash for far beneath than $100, all the way to big-ticket flagship accessories like the accepted champion Samsung Galaxy S8. That flexibility, accumulated with annual updates, will ensure Android will abide the baton in this industry for years to come.
Do you appetite Google to abide application candied bonbon and treats as the official cipher names for approaching versions of Android? Or, would you rather accept them about-face over to some added anatomy of food? Let us apperceive what you anticipate in the comments!
