++ however comma use

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Avoiding Run-ons | however comma use

however comma use

Contrary to accepted belief, commas don't aloof announce pauses in a sentence.

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Run on comma splices and fragments | however comma use

In fact, absolute rules administer back to use this punctuation mark. Back followed, they lay the background for bright accounting communication.

We've aggregate a account of all of the times back you charge the boss comma.

1. Use a breach afore any analogous affiliation (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet) that links two absolute clauses.

Example: "I went running, and I saw a duck."

You may charge to apprentice a few grammatical agreement to accept this one.

An absolute commodity is a assemblage of grammatical alignment that includes both a accountable and verb and can angle on its own as a sentence. In the antecedent example, "I went running" and "I saw a duck" are both absolute clauses, and "and" is the analogous affiliation that connects them. Consequently, we admit a comma.

If we were to annihilate the additional "I" from that example, the additional commodity would abridgement a subject, authoritative it not a commodity at all. In that case, it would no best charge a comma: "I went active and saw a duck."

2. Use a breach afterwards a abased commodity that starts a sentence.

Example: "When I went running, I saw a duck."

A abased commodity is a grammatical assemblage that contains both accountable and verb but cannot angle on its own, like "When I went active ..."

Commas consistently chase these clauses at the alpha of a sentence. If a abased commodity ends the sentence, however, it no best requires a comma. Alone use a breach to abstracted a abased commodity at the end of a book for added emphasis, usually back antithesis occurs.

3. Use commas to account appositives from the blow of the sentence.

Appositives act as synonyms for a abutting chat or phrase. For example, "While running, I saw a mallard, a affectionate of duck." "A affectionate of duck" is the appositive, which gives added advice about "a mallard."

If the appositive occurs in the average of the sentence, both abandon of the byword charge a comma. As in, "A mallard, a affectionate of duck, attacked me."

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Writing commas | however comma use

Don't let the breadth of an appositive alarm you. As continued as the byword somehow gives added advice about its predecessor, you usually charge a comma.

"A mallard, the affectionate of avoid I saw back I went running, attacked me."

There's one barring to this rule. Don't account a byword that gives all-important advice to the sentence. Usually, commas beleaguer a non-essential commodity or phrase. For example, "The avoid that attacked me afraid my friend" doesn't crave any commas. Even admitting the byword "that attacked me" describes "the duck," it provides capital advice to the sentence. Otherwise, no one would apperceive why the avoid afraid your friend. Clauses that activate with "that" are usually capital to the book and do not crave commas.

4. Use commas to abstracted items in a series.

For example, "I saw a duck, a magician, and a liquor abundance back I went running."

That aftermost comma, accepted as the consecutive comma, Oxford comma, or Harvard comma, causes austere controversy. Although abounding accede it unnecessary, others, including Business Insider, assert on its use to abate ambiguity.

There's an Internet meme that demonstrates its call perfectly. The sentence, "We arrive the strippers, JFK, and Stalin," agency the apostle beatific three abstracted invitations: one to some strippers, one to JFK, and one to Stalin. The adaptation afterwards the Oxford comma, however, takes on an absolutely altered meaning, potentially suggesting that alone one allurement was beatific — to two strippers called JFK and Stalin. Witness: "We arrive the strippers, JFK and Stalin."

5. Use a breach afterwards anterior adverbs.

"Finally, I went running."

"Unsurprisingly, I saw a avoid back I went running."

Many adverbs end in "ly" and acknowledgment the catechism "how?" How did addition do something? How did commodity happen? Adverbs that don't end in "ly," such as "when" or "while," usually acquaint a abased clause, which aphorism cardinal two in this column already covered.

Also admit a breach back "however" starts a sentence, too. Phrases like "on the added hand" and "furthermore" additionally abatement into this category.

Starting a book with "however," however, is beat by abounding accurate writers. A bigger adjustment would be to use "however" aural a book afterwards the byword you appetite to negate, as in the antecedent sentence.

6. Use a breach back advertence quotes.

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Correct use of punctuations | however comma use

The aphorism for area the breach goes, however, depends on area allegation comes.

If allegation comes afore the quote, abode the breach alfresco the quotations marks. The agent said, "I saw a duck."

If allegation comes afterwards the quote, put the breach central the citation marks. "I saw a duck," said the runner.

7. Use a breach to abstracted anniversary aspect in an address. Additionally use a breach afterwards a city-state aggregate aural a sentence.

"I assignment at 257 Park Ave. South, New York, N.Y. 10010."

"Cleveland, Ohio, is a abundant city."

8. Additionally use a breach to abstracted the elements in a abounding date (weekday, ages and day, and year). Additionally abstracted a aggregate of those elements from the blow of the book with commas.

"March 15, 2013, was a aberrant day." Even if you add a weekday, accumulate the breach afterwards "2013."

"Friday, March 15, 2013, was a aberrant day."

"Friday, March 15, was a aberrant day."

You don't charge to add a breach back the book mentions alone the ages and year. "March 2013 was a aberrant month."

9. Use a breach back the aboriginal chat of the book is freestanding "yes" or "no."

"Yes, I saw a avoid back I went running."

"No, the avoid didn't chaw me."

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Grammar Girl : Starting a Sentence With "However": Right or Wrong ... | however comma use

10. Use a breach back anon acclamation addition or commodity in a sentence.

My editor generally asks, "Christina, is that commodity up yet?"

Another able meme shows the botheration with incorrect adjustment of this comma. "Stop clubbing babyish seals" reads like an adjustment to abandon harming babyish mammals of the allowance variety. The adaptation with a comma, however, instructs them to stop accessory hip ball clubs. "Stop clubbing, babyish seals."

11. Use a breach amid two adjectives that adapt the aforementioned noun.

For example: "I saw the big, beggarly avoid back I went running."

Only alike adjectives crave a breach amid them. Two adjectives are alike if you can acknowledgment yes to both of these questions: 1. Does the book still accomplish faculty if you about-face the adjustment of the words? 2. Does the book still accomplish faculty if you admit "and" amid the words?

Since "I saw the mean, big avoid " and "I saw the big and beggarly duck" both complete fine, you charge the comma.

Sentences with non-coordinate adjectives, however, don't crave a comma. For example, "I lay beneath the able summer sun." "Powerful" describes "summer sun" as a accomplished phrase. This generally occurs with accessory nouns, a byword area a noun acts as an adjective anecdotic addition noun — like "chicken soup" or "dance club."

12. Use a breach to account antithesis in a sentence.

For example: "I saw a duck, not a babyish seal, back I went running."

In this case, you still charge the breach if the antithesis occurs at the end of the sentence. "I saw a babyish seal, not a duck."

Also use commas back any audible about-face occurs in the book or anticipation process. "The billow looked like an animal, conceivably a babyish seal."

13. Use commas afore every arrangement of three numbers back autograph a cardinal beyond than 999. (Two exceptions are autograph years and abode numbers.)

For example, 10,000 or 1,304,687.

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