``Star-gazing and astrology, forecasting advantageous or afflicted contest by signs, prognosticating acceptable or evil, all these are things forbidden.''
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- Gautama the Buddha
``You will acquisition that astrometry and all these mystical things are about signs of a anemic mind; accordingly as anon as they are acceptable arresting in our minds, we should see a physician, booty acceptable aliment and rest.''
- Swami Vivekananda
WHILE DELIVERING the Albert Einstein Memorial Lecture in New Delhi recently, eminent British physicist, Prof. Stephen Hawking, afraid anybody back he took some time out from `black holes' and `superstrings' to deflate astrology. ``The acumen best scientists don't acquire in astrometry is that it is not constant with our theories which acquire been activated by experiment,'' he said.
We are not abiding if Prof. Hawking had an clue of the annoying account that the University Grants Commission (UGC) had absitively to alpha departments of Vedic astrometry (Jyotir Vigyan) in Indian universities from the accessible bookish year. In any case, he deserves to be commended for his effort. The attitude of top scientists and intellectuals appear astrometry is generally one of alone abhorrence and they debris to do action with the bizarre notions of a ancient age. This is a aberration because lay people, including accomplished people, who apprehend and acquire to pro-astrology advertising day in and day out and hardly get to `hear the added side,' are acceptable to acquire that maybe there is commodity to astrology. To digest Edmund Burke: ``It is all-important alone for abreast men to do annihilation for nonsense to triumph.''
At a time back India should be giving a appropriate advance to abstraction and analysis in admonition technology, biotechnology and added borderland areas, the UGC has taken a behemothic bound backwards by advocating the `fiction science' of astrology. This, in a country area one of the axiological duties of citizens as per the Constitution is `to advance authentic temper, humanism and the spirit of reform'. It is aloof a catechism of time afore added binding behavior and superstitions - palmistry, dowsing, witchcraft, ghostbusting, channelling, analytic phenomena, to name alone a few - barrage a attack to get themselves accomplished as `science' in our schools and colleges and, in due course, army out 18-carat science!
Scientific arguments
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So what is amiss with astrology? Why does the authentic boilerplate amusement it with derision? I would like to carbon the authentic arguments adjoin astrometry for the account of the astute men of the UGC.
Lack of consensus: Astrology, with its accoutrement of alluring symbols, abstract archive and abstract calculations, is based on the assumption that a person's appearance and afterlife can be accepted from the positions of the Sun, the Moon and the planets at the moment of birth, application a blueprint alleged the `horoscope'. Horoscopes acquire been developed not alone for individuals, but additionally for nations, companies, political parties, sports teams and alike calm pets! There are a cardinal of schools of astrology, best of them antagonistic on some of the axiological credo of their craft, and all of them authentic alone by anecdotal affirmation of the best capricious kind. Alike afterwards bags of years of acquisition abstracts and adorning their study, astrologers are boilerplate abreast accession at a consensus. Aloof apprehend the astrometry columns of ten altered newspapers and magazines or acquire your astrometry able by ten altered astrologers and you will best acceptable get ten altered interpretations!
Geocentric model: It is abominable to say the least, but astrologers haven't bent on to the actuality that the Earth is not at the centre of the universe! They still ply their barter based on the pre- Copernican, geocentric archetypal of the universe! As Prof. Hawking fatigued in his lecture: ``When it was credible that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, astrometry became impossible.''
Missing planets: Back astrometry was aboriginal invented, alone 5 planets were accepted besides the Earth - Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn - and these were arresting to the naked eye. Uranus, Neptune and Pluto were credible with the aid of telescopes in 1781, 1846 and 1930 respectively. Surely all the horoscopes done afore 1930 should acquire been incorrect back the astrologers afore that time were missing out on the access of at atomic one planet in their calculations. Alike today, alone some of the astrologers use the three alien planets, others don't. Why didn't the inaccuracies in aboriginal horoscopes advance astrologers to deduce the attendance of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto connected afore astronomers credible them? According to `noted' astrologer, Linda Goodman, a planet doesn't acquire any access until it is discovered!
We apperceive that there are bags of asteroids, hundreds of comets and dozens of satellites in our solar system, but astrologers do not agency these into their calculations! Afresh astronomers acquire credible added than 50 extra-solar planets. We additionally apperceive that there are billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy and there are billions of added galaxies, besides aberrant altar such as pulsars, quasars and atramentous holes. No astrologer could anytime achievement to accomplishment a astrometry that took the influences of all these angelic bodies into consideration!
Imaginary planets: Our acquaintance Vedic astrometry has the acumen of accumulation two abstract planets Rahu and Ketu into the abstruse charts. Initially, Rahu and Ketu were declared to be two adorable serpents that approved to absorb the Sun and the Moon on assertive dates causing the eclipses. Later, astrologers `refined' the abstraction by advertence that Rahu and Ketu were `dark planets' airy to us but influencing our accomplishments and our destiny! Can a arrangement based on such amiss assumptions be accurate? Yet bags of bodies adapt their activities - travel, marriage, religious functions amid others - according to Rahu Kala and Gulika Kala.
Need for precession: Astronomers acquire connected accepted of a abnormality alleged `precession of equinoxes,' by which the arbor of the Earth rotates on itself, demography about 25,000 years to complete one rotation. The appointment of assertive dates to assertive signs of the zodiac (e.g. Aries from March 21 to April 19) was fabricated about 2000 years ago and charcoal banausic anytime since. During these 2000 years, the arbor of the Earth has rotated by about 30 degrees. This agency that the correspondences amid the 12 signs of the zodiac and their assigned dates are not actual any longer: there is a aberration of about one complete zodiac sign. So if you were built-in amid March 21 and April 19, you are not absolutely an Aries, but a Pisces. Alike today, alone a few astrologers booty `precession' into account; best of them abide to casting horoscopes and accomplish predictions for the amiss signs!
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Moment of apperception or moment of birth? Biology teaches us that a person's personality ancestry and concrete characteristics are bent by one's abiogenetic award affiliated from both parents at the moment of apperception - not the moment of bearing - and that these can be adapted by ecology influences which booty abode afterwards birth. This has a solid foundation both in approach and experiment. But if astrologers are to be believed, personality ancestry and concrete characteristics are activated with one's horoscope, which uses alone the moment of bearing as datum. Isn't it time we alone the abstruse astrometry and switched over to authoritative a `genetic horoscope' of a adolescent at the time of its bearing and started analogous the abiogenetic horoscopes of the helpmate and benedict afore marriage?
The affair of `moment of birth' poses several problems. How does one absolutely actuate the time of birth, back bearing is not an direct process? What did astrologers do afore the apparatus of clocks and added authentic time barometer devices? Which time should astrologers use - the bounded time or the Standard time? Shouldn't astrologers accomplish allowances for light- time relativity - as astronomers do - while analysis the angelic bodies? We apperceive that ablaze campaign at a bound acceleration of about 3 lakh kilometres per second. The position of the Sun as we see it is absolutely its position about eight account ago back ablaze takes that abundant time to biking from the Sun to the Earth. Similarly, there is a time aberration of six account amid the absolute and credible positions of Venus. This assumption is applicative in capricious degrees to the added planets and all the stars of the zodiacal constellations, authoritative the abstruse archive out of date by annihilation from a few account to millions of years!
Testing predictions
Even if we accord astrologers the account of agnosticism and acquire that abstruse influences abatement alfresco the area of our accepted compassionate of the universe, we are advantaged to ask the absolutely empiric question: ``Does astrometry work?'' The acknowledgment is ``No''. Abounding anxiously conducted statistical tests of abstruse predictions acquire apparent that there are no abstruse influences on personality ancestry and concrete characteristics, and that astrologers absolutely can't adumbrate annihilation at bigger than adventitious rates! Let us accede a few well- accepted studies:
- Astrologers frequently affirmation that a couple's `compatibility' is bent abundantly by their Sun signs. Bernard Silverman looked at the annal of 2,978 affiliated couples and 478 afar couples. If Sun signs acquire access on alliance or divorce, again pairs with adverse Sun signs should be overrepresented amid afar couples and underrepresented amid affiliated couples. But the abstraction showed that this was not the case.
- John McGervey advised the birthdays of 16,634 scientists in American Men of Science and 6,475 entries in Who's Who in American Politics and begin no base for the affirmation that occupations tend to predominate beneath assertive Sun signs. That is, associates of these two occupations were no added or beneath acceptable to be built-in beneath one Sun assurance than another.
- Roger Culver and Philip Ianna acquire done abundant statistical studies of 60 occupations, 35 concrete characteristics, 42 medical disorders and 26 personality ancestry and begin that they are not afflicted by Sun signs. The aforementioned advisers tracked the appear predictions of acclaimed astrologers and abstruse magazines for bristles years and begin that out of 3,011 specific predictions, alone 338 came to canyon - a success amount of alone 11 per cent.
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Astrologers' way out of the annoyed architecture of their `science' is the age-old refrain: ``the stars alone impel, they do not compel.'' In added words, catholic influences can be overridden by one's chargeless will. If astrometry were absolutely a science, any concrete law developed from empiric after-effects should authority up at all times, and not aloof back astrologers account it convenient!
The cerebral basis
In animosity of all its logical, abstract and empiric shortcomings, how does astrometry abide to absorb the accepted public, abounding of whom anxiously adapt their circadian activities based on abstruse forecasts? Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540), a apostolic advisor, empiric actual correctly: ``How blessed are the astrologers if they acquaint one accuracy to a hundred lies, while added bodies lose all believability if they acquaint one lie to a hundred truths.'' The cerebral underpinnings of astrometry are not difficult to seek. In these ambiguous times, best of us connected for the abundance of accepting admonition in authoritative decisions. The astrologer is consistently at our account with his admonition - for a fee, of course. It gives a exciting activity to be told that our claimed appearance and afterlife are angry up with the stars! It is additionally acceptable to accusation our failures on catholic contest that are above our control! As William Shakespeare states in King Lear in his consummate style: ``This is the accomplished amenity of the world, that back we are ailing in affluence - generally the surfeits of our own behaviour - we accomplish accusable of our disasters the sun, the moon and stars; as if we were villains on necessity; fools by adorable compulsion; knaves, thieves and traitors by all-around predominance; drunkards, liars and adulterers by an activated accordance of all-embracing influence; and all that we are angry in by a all-powerful casting on - an admirable artifice of whoremaster man to lay his goatish disposition on the allegation of a star!''
Need for concerted action
In 1975, 186 arch scientists of the apple including 19 Nobel Prize winners (S. Chandrashekar, Sir Francis Crick, Sir Peter Medawar, Paul Samuelson, Linus Pauling amid others) appear an accessible letter in The Humanist annual analogue their objections to astrology. They stated: ``One would imagine, in this day of boundless broad-mindedness and education, that it would be accidental to deflate behavior based on abracadabra and superstition. Yet accepting of astrometry pervades avant-garde society. We are abnormally abashed by the connected careless broadcasting of abstruse charts, forecasts and horoscopes by media and by contrarily acclaimed newspapers, magazines and book publishers. This can alone accord to the advance of irrationalism and obscurantism. We acquire that the time has appear to claiming anon and forcefully, the affected claims of abstruse charlatans.''
I would advance that Indian scientists and intellectuals charge accomplish a agnate accessible account answer why astrometry is applesauce and highlight the dangers inherent in the UGC appointment an ambience of appropriateness aloft it by authoritative it an bookish discipline. The acknowledged advantage charge additionally be explored. The UGC which is adjourned by taxpayers' money and lacks acceptable funds alike to accommodate for approved bookish disciplines, cannot apathy all-embracing and civic boilerplate authentic assessment and squander accessible money by costs the abstraction of a pseudoscience.
K. ASHOK VARDHAN SHETTY
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