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After artifice bent after-effects for fatally tasering an 18-year-old skateboarder, the Burghal of Miami Beach will pay a analogously paltry $100,000 to achieve the final wrongful-death accusation stemming from the case. This accomplished Friday, the Florida Bulldog reported that the burghal has assuredly acclimatized a clothing filed by Israel "Reefa" Hernandez-Llach's parents — Israel Hernandez Bandera and Jacqueline Luz-Llachs — and sister, Offir Hernandez-Llachs.

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For alfresco assemblage watching the case, it's alarming added wasn't done to antidote what happened to Hernandez. The 18-year-old was bent tagging his name on a bank already bashed with graffiti — but aback cops arrived, Hernandez ran, badge chased him, and a cop's Taser concluded the teen's life. Police-reform activists accept appropriately asked what accessible account there was to tasering a kid afterwards alarming him off from tagging some graffiti on a wall. Four years later, the facts surrounding Hernandez's afterlife are aloof as incomprehensible:

That's what can be aggregate from Miami Beach Police's address about their following of the 18-year-old skater and artist. Hernandez, whose appellation was "Reefa," led cops on a hunt through several blocks of North Beach, aimlessly scrambling over fences and falling assimilate cars, afore cops fatally Tasered him.

The badge address is accounting by Administrator Thomas Lincoln, one of added than bisected a dozen cops complex in the chase.

Lincoln writes that while added admiral pursued Hernandez on foot, he followed him in his car. And aback the added cops had absent the agile teenager, it was Lincoln who spotted him bridge the street.

"I pulled up forth ancillary of the accountable at 6940 Harding Avenue," Lincoln says in the report. "I attempted to accomplish acquaintance with the accountable [but he] alone me and ran into the building."

Hernandez afresh approved to basement over a white fence at the aback of the acreage but fell. He approved afresh and fabricated it, bottomward on the fence and abolition adamantine assimilate the awning of an old gray Ford Mustang.

But for all of the detail in the report, it doesn't afford any ablaze on why cops acquainted like they had to taser the angular teenager.

2. The graffito that got Hernandez dead is appear — and it's aloof a tiny letter "R" on an already-dilapidated wall.

Here's the tiny graffito that got Israel Hernandez, AKA Reefa, killed.

Michael E. Miller

3. Protests swell, and the ancestors sues.

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Reefa's ancestors organized rallies to appeal answers about the incident, and on March 6 — seven months to the day afterwards his afterlife — State Advocate Katherine Fernandez Rundle accepted the boyhood had, in fact, been Tasered to death.

Five months later, Reefa's dissection after-effects still haven't been released. Additionally awaiting are investigations by Miami Beach PD and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement.

On May 28, Offir Hernandez filed a blameworthy afterlife accusation adjoin the Burghal of Miami Beach over her brother's death.

4. The Miami-Dade County Medical Examiner's Appointment confirms the Taser dead Reefa.

Seven months afterwards Israel "Reefa" Hernandez was dead by Miami Beach cops, authorities assuredly appear what his ancestors knew all along: The boyhood died from actuality hit with a Taser. The findings, which were appear aftermost anniversary by the Miami-Dade Medical Examiner's Office, belie both account belletrist and claims by Taser that its accessory isn't lethal.

"Israel Hernandez Jr. was carefully Tasered to death," said Jorge Estomba, speaking on account of the Hernandez family. "Rumors about an blow or drugs are false."

In September, seven weeks afterwards New Times bankrupt the adventure of Hernandez's death, the Miami Herald appear an commodity suggesting the boyhood had died of "excited delirium," a arguable analysis generally affiliated to brainy ache or adamantine biologic use. The bi-weekly additionally quoted Miami-Dade Badge Benevolent Association President John Rivera as saying, "The Taser doesn't annihilate these people... It's the drugs they take."

But aftermost week's advertisement appear Reefa didn't die from drugs or aflame delirium. Rather, he died from affection abortion acquired by "energy accessory discharge." The award was the aboriginal of its affectionate in Florida. It was additionally absolution for the Hernandez family, which has continued insisted Reefa's annihilation was no accountability of his own. But the Hernandez ancestors is still affronted over the report. That's because Associate Medical Examiner Mark Shuman additionally bent the afterlife was "accidental."

5. Afterwards a yearlong New Times analysis into Taser corruption by Miami cops, ancestor aggregation Taser International (now accepted as Axon) denies there's annihilation amiss with its products:

Q: One case that I acknowledgment in my commodity is the August 6, 2013 afterlife of 18-year-old Israel Hernandez in Miami Beach. Earlier this year, his afterlife was the aboriginal in Florida to be clearly attributed to Taser-use by a medical examiner. Does Taser accept that, in attenuate cases, its articles can be lethal?

A: Taser International is consistently anxious aback a afterlife tragically occurs in aegis and mourns the accident of a life. We do not comment, however, on an adverse afterlife afterwards accepting been provided any absolute affidavit by the medical examiner or the befalling to analysis the dissection report.

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6. Miami-Dade State Advocate Katherine Fernandez Rundle predictably declines to arraign the cops who dead him:

After reviewing the case for able-bodied over a year, State Advocate Katherine Fernandez Rundle's appointment appear today that it would not be able to get a board to captive Administrator Mercado of any crime, and will not accompany charges. Despite the aerial levels of accessible abuse over the case, the aftereffect is not surprising. No badge administrator in Florida has been criminally answerable for an on-duty cutting back 1989, let alone for an on-duty Tasering.

"After the medical examiner bent that Israel Hernandez-Llach's afterlife was accidental, it larboard little acknowledged allowance to accompany any accessible bent charges," said Rundle in a statement. "Our all-encompassing analysis bent that the sad tragedy of this bearings is that no one complex brash or advancing any austere abrasion occurring to this adolescent man."

7. Afterwards the ordeal, Miami Beach afflicted its Taser policy:

Today, afterwards a diffuse review, Miami Beach PD appear a new set of rules for application the weapons. Amid the changes, MBPD now encourages admiral to abstain hitting suspects anon in the chest.

"Target adopted deployment areas aback possible. The recommended credibility of aim are the rear anatomy beneath the abutting area; and, advanced anatomy lower centermost of accumulation (below the chest or affection area)," the new action reads.

Previously, MBPD's action alone beat cops from hitting suspects in the eyes, face or groin.

MBPD is additionally set to arrange a new adaptation of the cyberbanking weapon starting in November. The force spent aloof shy of $500,000 on 345 new Taser "X-2 Smart" devices; the new weapons are declared to advance assurance by incapacitating suspects with abate amounts of electricity, and with a double-laser afterimage to accord admiral bigger aim.

8. A video appear in 2016 suggests cops chased Hernandez with their accoutrements drawn:

Israel Hernandez sprinted through aphotic alleys, accolade over fences and fell assimilate cars, arch cops on a agitated hunt afterwards actuality bent tagging an alone McDonald's in Miami Beach. The early-morning following concluded with the 18-year-old artisan accepted as Reefa angled over on the street, his affection chock-full algid afterwards a Taser bang to the chest from Administrator Jorge Mercado.

Three years afterwards Reefa's death, his ancestors now believes they apperceive why he ran from the cops. New video footage shows the angular boyhood active through an alleyway, tailed by two admiral accustomed what the ancestors believes are fatigued guns.

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9. Bethink how Taser beneath to animadversion on Hernandez's death? A 2017 Reuters analysis appear Taser International collaborated with University of Miami Professor Deborah Mash, an bookish frequently paid to avert the aggregation from atrocity as an able witness:

In adventurous letters, apparent “TIMELY AND URGENT,” the celerity brash Miami’s medical examiner to accelerate the teen’s academician tissue for testing to Deborah Mash, a University of Miami medical researcher. It did not acknowledgment Mash had been paid by Taser to affirm on its account in lawsuits adjoin the company.

Taser’s email to board is a cogent snapshot of how the aggregation blurs the curve amid its accumulated interests, badge diplomacy and accurate research, generally enmeshing itself in investigations area its amaze accoutrements may be active in deaths.

“From the minute they acquisition out addition dies, they’re accomplishing aggregate they can abaft the scenes to set up” a acknowledged aegis “so the case goes away,” said advocate Todd Falzone, apery the Hernandez-Llach ancestors in a accountability suit.

For added than a decade, Taser has dedicated its signature weapon by leveraging abutting ties with badge and added professionals, cloister annal show. It has spent millions of dollars allotment analysis on its weapons, abundant of it abetment the company’s altercation that its amaze accoutrements are blameless in deaths or injuries. It consistently hires medical and accurate experts who vouch for the assurance of the electroshock accessories in cloister or in appear studies. And it cultivates ties with medical examiners, the professionals who adjudge whether or not a Taser shock is to accusation in a fatality.

The aftereffect is a bracken of intersecting relationships amid police, coroners and a advanced arrangement of scientists the aggregation taps, a Reuters assay of hundreds of blameworthy afterlife lawsuits and interviews with attorneys for both plaintiffs and badge found.

Taser’s links to these experts are not consistently clear.

In the Hernandez-Llach case, Miami-Dade County Associate Medical Examiner Mark Shuman told Reuters he was blind of the above-mentioned accord amid Taser and Miami scientist Mash aback he beatific the teen’s academician tissue to her lab for tests. Taser paid Mash about $24,000 for able affidavit in eight lawsuits filed from 2005 to 2009, cloister annal show.

10. And bethink the appellation "excited delirium," which cops and the badge abutment originally acclimated to explain how Hernandez died? A New Times investigation in 2010 appear that Deborah Mash at UM was accepting paid to accusation Taser deaths on "excited delirium" — alike admitting it's not a absolute medical concept.

While Miami-Dade seems to be far outpacing added busy counties throughout the nation in the cardinal of aflame aberration cases, critics from the American Civil Liberties Abutment and the families of victims accept there's a acumen the affection resembles affected fiction: because it is.

The affection is not listed in textbooks or accustomed by the American Medical Association or the American Psychiatric Association. It has been met with skepticism as it has advance to the United Kingdom and Canada: A badge analyst in Canada afresh fabricated account aback he testified that aflame aberration is a "mythical... arguable disorder" acclimated to absolve the use of amaze guns, and the Canadian Medical Association Journal has termed it a "pop ability phenomenon."

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It is police, not aflame delirium, causing at atomic some of the deaths, critics charge. Of 35 aflame aberration afterlife belletrist the Miami-Dade medical examiner's appointment fabricated accessible to New Times, 23 of the capacity died afterwards disturbing with badge officers. Besides the bristles tasing incidents, they were hogtied, headlocked, and pepper-sprayed. All were unarmed.

"It's abracadabra by medical examiners beyond the country to adumbrate barbarous murders by law enforcement," says Ronald J. Kurpiers, an advocate who afresh challenged the analysis in a U.S. Supreme Cloister accusation adjoin West Palm Beach Badge officers. "It's bullshit."

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