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"The affliction anytime was aback we were on the way aback from the League Cup final. We'd aloof lost, and their admirers were on the train," says Ollie, a Tottenham fan from a Jewish family. "It was me, my brother and my niece, who was about eight years old. It was absolutely alarming absolutely – we about concluded up in a action with them; they started authoritative gas noises and my brother aloof absolutely flipped. I was there like: 'There's an eight-year-old kid here, and you're authoritative gas noises. What is amiss with you?'"

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Ollie hardly struggles for examples of austere anti-semitism he has witnessed at football games. Which, sadly, is no surprise: for some fans, anti-semitic corruption is a accustomed allotment of the bout day experience. Asked how accustomed he alone thinks it is in football, Ollie says: "Yeah, it's rife. It's rife."

Anti-semitism is a age-old affair in English football, alike if it has been in the annual this division attributable to a (now defunct) Chelsea carol for Alvaro Morata. While it absolutely exists elsewhere, it is predominantly a botheration in London. The club on the accepting end is about consistently Tottenham Hotspur, whose admirers – as with the Morata carol – are about referred to by their rivals as "Yids". This is a appellation which Spurs supporters accept now taken on as a anatomy of self-identification, with the carol "Who are we? Yid Army!" one of the best frequently heard at the old White Hart Lane.

Beyond the anti-semitic corruption which dogs Tottenham on bout days, abnormally aback they go head-to-head with their three basic London rivals, there is some actual antecedent for the acumen that Spurs are a "Jewish club". With bags of Jewish refugees accession in England from the about-face of the 20th aeon advanced – abounding beat pogroms in Russia and Eastern Europe, followed by those accession from Nazi Germany – north-east London became home to a abundant Jewish association and Tottenham the accustomed football club for them to support.

Anti-semitism actuality accustomed at the time (not that it went unchallenged), this accordingly led to their fanbase actuality subjected to anti-Jewish slurs as a anatomy of antagonism. For the committed bigots on the action terraces, these would no agnosticism accept been 18-carat expressions of hate. Accordingly, at some point, Jewish and non-Jewish Spurs admirers calm adopted the chat "Yid" as a nickname, both as a anatomy of accumulation adherence and in an attack – to use avant-garde analogue – to accost commodity advised as an insult as their own.

Now, in 2017, there is abundant agitation about the connected use of the chat "Yid" amid Spurs fans. While some altercate it charcoal a appellation which has been absolutely reclaimed, there are objections to this, abnormally amid the broader Jewish community. With a 2016 commodity from The Jewish Chronicle ciphering that alone about 5 percent of the army at Spurs are absolutely Jewish these days, abounding accept asked whether the appellation is absolutely endemic to re-appropriate. The affair is conceivably best explained by Stephen Silverman, a agent for the Campaign Adjoin Anti-Semitism in the UK, who speaks to me on the buzz at the end of the Jewish New Year.

Tottenham Hotspur admirers in the stands during the Basic One Cup Semi Final, 2015. Photo: Mike Egerton/PA Archive/PA Images

"First off, the chat 'Yid' is absolutely one of the affliction agreement of anti-semitic corruption that you can absolute at a Jewish person," Stephen says. "During Apple War Two, while Jews were actuality angled up all over Europe and beatific off to annihilation camps, that was the chat they were audition and the chat actuality directed at them.

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"Now, there is actually alone one ambience in which it is not advised grossly abhorrent and abusive, and that is aback acclimated by Tottenham admirers to alarm themselves – or so the annual goes. However, there are issues with this. While the bearings at Spurs came about in the 1930s and was apparent as a way of assuming abutment for Jews at a time aback they were in abundant adversity – a assurance of solidarity, or a way of accomplishment the word, which aback afresh was actual blue-blooded – today the majority of Spurs admirers are not Jewish, and so abounding of the bodies application that chat aren't themselves Jews.

"More annoying is the acknowledgment and behaviour that it triggers in added football fans. We've heard Chelsea admirers sing songs about Auschwitz, and it doesn't alike accept to be in the attendance of Tottenham admirers – it can be on the way to addition game. As able-bodied as that, there accept been songs about Hitler beheading the Jews again, bodies assuming the complete of gas escaping, and it's aloof horrendous. The botheration – whatever the motivations of the use of the chat "Yid" by Spurs supporters – is that it muddies the water, and allows bodies to say: 'No, we're not anti-semitic, we're aloof talking about Spurs admirers and they use the chat themselves.' It's a admirable awning for 18-carat anti-semitism."

Speaking to added Spurs-supporting accompany about their adventures of anti-semitism, memories of amateur adjoin Chelsea and West Ham crop up on several occasions. It's important to add that, while these London derbies accept absolutely borne attestant to affluence of anti-Jewish slurs over the years, this is not a absorption on the majority of admirers who abutment Tottenham's intra-city rivals, while both clubs accept promised to booty a adamantine band on the issue. That said, it's cogent that football has struggled to agitate off the accountability of anti-semitism for as connected as it has, this able-bodied afterwards the annihilation of monkey chants, assistant throwing and National Front abstract on the terraces. For a accustomed band of football fans, songs about Hitler and the Holocaust are still apparent as fair game.

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Tottenham are not the alone football club in Europe to allure anti-semitic corruption from their rivals. Conceivably the best acclaimed archetype from the abstemious is that of Ajax Amsterdam, whose supporters alarm themselves "Joden" or "Superjoden" for broadly the aforementioned affidavit Spurs admirers alarm themselves "Yids". Added clubs that are accountable to anti-semitic stereotypes accommodate SK Slavia Prague in the Czech Republic and KS Cracovia in Poland, admitting the affidavit abaft this are varied. While the situations at Spurs and Ajax are broadly alongside – afore the war, Amsterdam was accepted as the "Jerusalem of the West", attributable to its abundant Jewish association – the acumen that KS Cracovia is a Jewish club seems to be bottomward abundantly to anti-semitic affront by their rivals, while Slavia's acceptability allegedly has its roots in an insured affable from the 1920s against, accept it or not, West Ham.

There accept been some attempts to accost the character of KS Cracovia, admitting how abundant adherence is complex is up for question. Having tracked bottomward addition with a amusing media annual advantaged "Jude Gang" – the acutely pro-Jewish name of a Cracovia ultras accumulation – it becomes bright that not all their admirers see the Jewish affiliation positively. "Our bounded rival, Wisla Krakow, are calling us Jews. It is [an] abhorrent term, because we in Poland about don't like Jews," they said. "The name Jude Gang is [a] acknowledgment to this, but we are [a] Polish club with [a] admirable affectionate history. We accept annihilation in accepted with Jews and it is alone [the] name of [our] hooligans group."

Obviously there is ample anti-semitic affect in these comments, admitting it is not absolutely accurate that Cracovia accept "nothing in common" with Krakow's Jewish community. Historically, the club accustomed Jewish players, one of whom is meant to accept coined the name of their derby with Wisla Cracow "Holy War". Whatever his aboriginal intentions, the Holy War is now about presented as a affray amid a acceptable Polish Catholic club and a allegedly Jewish club – a accepted Wisla byword is "Anty Jude" – admitting the actuality KS Cracovia's admirers are predominantly Catholic Poles. About agitated and heavily policed, the Holy War's anti-semitic undercurrents acutely run forth blurred lines.

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For Slavia Prague, the Jewish affiliation is apparent abundantly as a misconception, with an allowance altercation over that bold adjoin West Ham allegedly enough, in the 1920s, for some battling admirers at Sparta Prague to average them as Jews. Nonetheless, anti-semitic corruption persists to this day, and while it is not necessarily actuality directed at Jewish admirers it is, aloof as pertinently, advised to be insulting. While some accept argued that anti-semitic analogue at matches should be taken in abreast as a anatomy of antisocial antagonism, the ambition to insult application agreement such as "Jude" is absolutely anti-semitic, as is the use of the Star of David to cast action murals and so on; for both the Cracovia-Wisla and Slavia-Sparta rivalries, graffiti and counter-graffiti are means to accurate both pride and contempt.

Again, this is not a absorption on the majority of Cracovia, Wisla, Slavia and Sparta supporters, and seems to be associated mainly with a hardcore following. The aforementioned ability be said of the Feyenoord fanbase, admitting there has been advancing footage of ample numbers of their admirers singing things like: "Hamas, Hamas, Jews to the gas" in advertence to Ajax supporters. Hailing from Rotterdam, one of Holland's aloft anchorage cities, the Feyenoord-Ajax animosity (with the derby accepted as De Klassieker) is actual abundant a account of two cities; the hardy, banal advancing boondocks adjoin the bohemian ability basic of the Netherlands. For some Feyenoord fans, stereotyping their nemeses as Jews plays into this narrative. Accordingly, abundant like Spurs fans, Ajax supporters accept attempted to accost their character with the appellation "Joden" and will occasionally announcement Israeli flags.

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Speaking to Joram Verhoeven, a affiliate of the Educational Projects Department at the Anne Frank House who has accounting a master's apriorism on the anti-semitism of De Klassieker, it becomes always bright why this affair does not abide in a football bubble. Anti-semitic accent and adumbration cannot be bargain to the character backroom of the game, and absinthian tribalism does not artlessly abide for 90 account additional added time. "One arresting cessation apropos the bearings in the Netherlands is that the connected accident of anti-semitic chants and songs has contributed to a abrogating association to the chat 'Jew'," Joram tells me.

"Within the ambience of Dutch football, for example, the chat all but equals Ajax, its supporters and the burghal of Amsterdam. Because of the rivalries with Ajax and its supporters, the chat has become answerable with abrogating and abhorrent connotations, which accept agitated over to the apple alfresco of football stadiums. The chat 'Jew' is added and added about acclimated as a appellation of abuse, aural the ambience of football and beyond, abnormally in regions with football clubs whose fanbases are at allowance with Ajax."

So what do all these derbies accept in common, and why do some admirers still seek to average their rivals as Jewish, aloft some array of blundering prejudice? All of these rivalries are burghal by nature, all of them absorb a basic city, and all of them assume to accept at their affection a action over character and the accurate sprawl. With the Jewish citizenry about a baby boyhood in these cities, casting a battling fanbase as Jewish could conceivably be an attack to minimise their supporters; aloft and aloft abhorrent accent and chanting, there is an inherently antisemitic affect abaft this. In the "us" and "them" built-in to football fandom, the "us" in this case are burghal top dogs and accepted claimants to citywide abutment (or inter-city ahead in the case of Feyenoord), and the "them" is the other, around marginal, somehow bottom Jewish community.

This is a actively annoying mentality which has implications aloft football. While anti-semitic accent on bout day is hardly in band with prevailing assessment amid fans, there are about some supporters who are committed to continuing with anti-semitic corruption and the abominable attitudes it helps to foster. Added than that, there are no agnosticism those aural the European bold who not alone booty this being seriously, but would – if accustomed the befalling – like to weaponise this anti-semitism for brainy reasons.

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Take, for example, an old cilia on left-wing and bourgeois football clubs from the neo-Nazi Stormfront forum, on which one contributor wrote: "Also added Jewish clubs… gives us an abstraction of who to hate."

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